We have seen these children-the shy and the sociable, the cautious and the daring-and wondered what makes one avoid new experience and another avidly pursue it. At the crux of the issue surrounding the contribution of nature to development is the study that Jerome Kagan and his colleagues have been conducting for more than two decades. In The Long Shadow of Temperament, Kagan and Nancy Snidman summarize the results of this unique inquiry into human temperaments, one of the best-known longitudinal studies in developmental psychology. These results reveal how deeply certain fundamental temperamental biases can be preserved over development.

Identifying two extreme temperamental types-inhibited and uninhibited in childhood, and high-reactive and low-reactive in very young babies-Kagan and his colleagues returned to these children as adolescents. Surprisingly, one of the temperaments revealed in infancy predicted a cautious, fearful personality in early childhood and a dour mood in adolescence. The other bias predicted a bold childhood personality and an exuberant, sanguine mood in adolescence. These personalities were matched by different biological properties. In a masterly summary of their wide-ranging exploration, Kagan and Snidman conclude that these two temperaments are the result of inherited biologies probably rooted in the differential excitability of particular brain structures. Though the authors appreciate that temperamental tendencies can be modified by experience, this compelling work-an empirical and conceptual tour-de-force-shows how long the shadow of temperament is cast over psychological development.

Jerome Kagan and Nancy Snidman resolve many puzzling observations and theoretical controversies about the importance of innate vs. environmental factors in child development, in a book that is both intellectually satisfying and a pleasure to read. The Long Shadow of Temperament is a great delight. -- John T. Cacioppo, Tiffany and Margaret Blake Distinguished Service Professor, Department of Psychology, The University of Chicago Jerome Kagan is one of the major thinkers in developmental psychology today and a new book by him is always to be welcomed. He has always taken provocative positions and he does it so well that his readers rethink their old ideas and look at the world in a new way. -- Michael Rutter, Professor of Developmental Psychopathology, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London For forty years, Jerome Kagan and his colleagues have done research that has allowed us to follow children's lives over time. In this new book with Nancy Snidman, he traces children's temperament and personality, from their reactivity in early infancy to their behavior and biology at age eleven. The reader will find surprising outcomes and exciting new links between psychology and biology that will be sure to influence future research in psychology. -- Mary K. Rothbart Distinguished Professor Emerita of Psychology, University of Oregon A highly readable and comprehensive summary of a remarkable twenty-five year program of research on the nature and consequences of temperament. Broad, incisive and provocative, this volume should be mandatory reading for any student of development, personality or psychopathology. -- Richard J. Davidson, William James and Vilas Research Professor of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison

About the Author
Jerome Kagan was Daniel and Amy Starch Research Professor of Psychology Emeritus at Harvard University. Nancy Snidman is Lecturer in the Department of Psychology and Research Director of the Harvard University Infant and Child Study Center.

Reviews
This work has the potential to function as a bridge between more humanistic theories of human development and contemporary research and perspectives that are more thoroughly grounded in the natural sciences... [This] new book stands alongside Kagan's previous works in terms of being thoughtful and stimulating. Regardless of the extent to which one agrees with Kagan and Snidman's assertions about the role of temperament, their concept of how it interacts with parenting and context, or their ideas regarding the degree to which it is genetic, the authors are always interesting and thought provoking. Together, Kagan and Snidman have provided a timely work on the relationship between biology and psychology that many readers will find provocative. -- John Snarey and Lynn Bridgers * PsycCritiques *
Jerome Kagan and Nancy Snidman resolve many puzzling observations and theoretical controversies about the importance of innate vs. environmental factors in child development, in a book that is both intellectually satisfying and a pleasure to read. The Long Shadow of Temperament is a great delight. -- John T. Cacioppo, Tiffany and Margaret Blake Distinguished Service Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Chicago
A highly readable and comprehensive summary of a remarkable twenty-five year program of research on the nature and consequences of temperament. Broad, incisive and provocative, this volume should be mandatory reading for any student of development, personality or psychopathology. -- Richard J. Davidson, William James and Vilas Research Professor of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison
For forty years, Jerome Kagan and his colleagues have done research that has allowed us to follow children's lives over time. In this new book with Nancy Snidman, he traces children's temperament and personality, from their reactivity in early infancy to their behavior and biology at age eleven. The reader will find surprising outcomes and exciting new links between psychology and biology that will be sure to influence future research in psychology. -- Mary K. Rothbart, Distinguished Professor Emerita of Psychology, University of Oregon
Jerome Kagan is one of the major thinkers in developmental psychology today and a new book by him is always to be welcomed. He has always taken provocative positions and he does it so well that his readers rethink their old ideas and look at the world in a new way. -- Michael Rutter, Professor of Developmental Psychopathology, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London


Awards
Nominated for PROSE Awards 2004.



Book Information
ISBN 9780674032330
Author Jerome Kagan
Format Paperback
Page Count 304
Imprint The Belknap Press
Publisher Harvard University Press