In almost every human society some people get more and others get less. Why is inequity the rule in these societies? In The Origins of Unfairness, philosopher Cailin O'Connor firstly considers how groups are divided into social categories, like gender, race, and religion, to address this question. She uses the formal frameworks of game theory and evolutionary game theory to explore the cultural evolution of the conventions which piggyback on these seemingly irrelevant social categories. These frameworks elucidate a variety of topics from the innateness of gender differences, to collaboration in academia, to household bargaining, to minority disadvantage, to homophily. They help to show how inequity can emerge from simple processes of cultural change in groups with gender and racial categories, and under a wide array of situations. The process of learning conventions of coordination and resource division is such that some groups will tend to get more and others less. O'Connor offers solutions to such problems of coordination and resource division and also shows why we need to think of inequity as part of an ever evolving process. Surprisingly minimal conditions are needed to robustly produce phenomena related to inequity and, once inequity emerges in these models, it takes very little for it to persist indefinitely. Thus, those concerned with social justice must remain vigilant against the dynamic forces that push towards inequity.

About the Author
Cailin O'Connor is an Associate Professor of Logic and Philosophy of Science and a member of the Institute for Mathematical Behavioral Science at the University of California, Irvine. She is a philosopher of science and evolutionary game theorist. O'Connor engages in both theoretical and experimental work on topics ranging from scientific communities, to false beliefs, to moral emotions, to signalling. She is the co-author of The Misinformation Age: How False Beliefs Spread (Yale 2019, with James Owen Weatherall)

Reviews
In The Origins of Unfairness Cailin O'Connor makes a number of excellent contributions to our understanding of social norms, discrimination, and inequity. O'Connor blends formal ethods from game theory with philosophical discussion and socio-cultural commentary. This combination and the book's accessible style mean it will be of interest to scholars from many disciplines. * Aja Watkins & Rory Smead, Economics and Philosophy *
Carefully and clearly argued ... a powerful statement about how unfairness between genders and races is likely to arise in a wide variety of actual conditions ... O'Connor insightfully warns us that when we think we have made moral progress in fighting oppression, there will inevitably be new forms of unfairness to recognize and struggle against * Ann Cudd, Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews *
Human groups across cultures and times have divided labor by gender. What explains this fact, along with related inequities in the division of resources? ... Cailin O'Connor illuminates this complicated story using evolutionary game-theoretic modeling. * William J. FitzPatrick, The Philosophical Review *



Book Information
ISBN 9780192884275
Author Cailin O'Connor
Format Paperback
Page Count 240
Imprint Oxford University Press
Publisher Oxford University Press
Weight(grams) 306g
Dimensions(mm) 215mm * 134mm * 15mm