The Romans depicted the civil law as a body of rules crafted through communal deliberation for the purpose of self-government. Yet, as Clifford Ando demonstrates in Law, Language, and Empire in the Roman Tradition, the civil law was also an instrument of empire: many of its most characteristic features developed in response to the challenges posed when the legal system of Rome was deployed to embrace, incorporate, and govern people and cultures far afield.
Ando studies the processes through which lawyers at Rome grappled with the legal pluralism resulting from imperial conquests. He focuses primarily on the tools-most prominently analogy and fiction-used to extend the system and enable it to regulate the lives of persons far from the minds of the original legislators, and he traces the central place that philosophy of language came to occupy in Roman legal thought.
In the second part of the book Ando examines the relationship between civil, public, and international law. Despite the prominence accorded public and international law in legal theory, it was civil law that provided conceptual resources to those other fields in the Roman tradition. Ultimately it was the civil law's implication in systems of domination outside its own narrow sphere that opened the door to its own subversion. When political turmoil at Rome upended the institutions of political and legislative authority and effectively ended Roman democracy, the concepts and language that the civil law supplied to the project of Republican empire saw their meanings transformed. As a result, forms of domination once exercised by Romans over others were inscribed in the workings of law at Rome, henceforth to be exercised by the Romans over themselves.

Law, Language, and Empire in the Roman Tradition demonstrates how Roman civil law functioned as an instrument of empire by tracking its application to the challenges of governing diverse and distant people.

About the Author
Clifford Ando is Professor of Classics, History, and Law at the University of Chicago and Research Fellow in the Department of Classics and World Languages at the University of South Africa. He is author of Imperial Ideology and Provincial Loyalty in the Roman Empire and The Matter of the Gods.

Reviews
"A set of stimulating thought-pieces on five distinct but connected preoccupations concerning ancient civil and international law, legal culture, and later readings of the Roman legal tradition. . . . As an attempt to break free of the conventional parameters of discourse on law in antiquity, the book has much to recommend it." * American Historical Review *



Book Information
ISBN 9780812243543
Author Clifford Ando
Format Hardback
Page Count 184
Imprint University of Pennsylvania Press
Publisher University of Pennsylvania Press