How did the ideology that inspired the American Revolution and the U.S. Constitution translate into foreign policy? John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton each struggled with this question as they encountered foreign powers. The French Revolution, the purchase of the Louisiana Territory, and the illegal seizures of U.S. ships and sailors on the high seas all brought diplomatic challenges. In the process of developing foreign policy, the founding generation refined the meaning of republicanism.

In Keeping the Republic, Robert W. Smith identifies three contending brands of republicanism-classical, whig, and yeoman-that shaped the founders' thinking. Jefferson and Madison pursued a yeoman republicanism with its faith in economic sanctions rather than military might as a means of diplomacy. Nations dependent upon American agricultural exports, they thought, would bow to American interests. Both Adams and Hamilton, originally admirers of classical republicanism and its belief in public virtue, came to adopt a whig republicanism that applied the balance-of-power principle, exemplified by the three branches of the federal government, to the international community. In this view, nations should have equal naval power.

Ideology had real consequences: Jefferson's insistence on imposing a trade embargo rather than considering alternative solutions resulted in the War of 1812. This process of translating ideology into foreign policy, so ably described in Keeping the Republic, continues to shape American international relations in the twenty-first century.

About the Author

Robert W. Smith received a Ph.D. from the College of William and Mary; he teaches the history of American foreign relations at Worcester State College.

Reviews

Engagingly written and thoughtful.... Smith's study of the relationship between ideology and foreign policy is persuasive as well as provocative.

* American Historical Review *

An interesting, valuable, and timely contribution to our understanding of the ideological roots of American foreign policy in the early republic. Smith's comparison between Adams, Hamilton, Madison, and Jefferson illuminates the thought of each figure.

-- James H. Read, College of St. Benedict and St. John's University

In the first full-scale study of this subject, Smith conclusively demonstrates that the Founders drew on different ideological strands in fashioning their foreign policies.

-- Stuart Leibiger, LaSalle University



Book Information
ISBN 9780875803265
Author Robert W. Smith
Format Hardback
Page Count 206
Imprint Northern Illinois University Press
Publisher Cornell University Press
Weight(grams) 907g
Dimensions(mm) 229mm * 152mm * 22mm