At the close of the twentieth century, democracy appeared to have overcome the Cold War partition of the world, as countries across the globe had deposed autocratic regimes and held free elections. Nowhere were these developments dramatized more brightly than in Eastern Europe in 1989, as newly formed civic movements replaced long-standing Leninist regimes with democratic governments.

Yet it is clear that the "waves" of democracy that initially seemed similar have led to widely varying outcomes. While some countries in Eastern Europe were invited to join NATO and the European Union, others were excluded. Former communists were elected to power in post-communist Poland and Hungary, but were largely absent in the Czech Republic and were transformed into populists in Slovakia. These differences have led the author to address several questions, including: How similar actually were the Leninist regimes before their dissolution, and how similar were their demises? How did the way communism fell affect the founding of democratic states in Eastern Europe, notably in Poland and Czechoslovakia?

This book offers a critique and reformulation of existing theories of democratization, as well as of earlier understandings of the fall of communism. By contrasting the negotiated pact in Poland with the collapse of the regime in Czechoslovakia, it provides a theoretical framework to explain how different paths of democratization affected the prospects for sustainable democracy. The book goes beyond the explanation that a "Gorbachev" effect determined events in the late 1980s by contrasting mobilization against Leninist regimes with negotiations for democratic institutions. It highlights competition between aspiring leaders, reconceptualizing the notion of civil society as a master frame within which movements and leaders sought to mobilize popular support.

The book also emphasizes the transformation of networks associated with the birth of a democratic nation, such as the Catholic Church in Poland and the theater strikes in Czechoslovakia. Finally, it analyzes how paths of change structured political competition in new democracies in both the short and the medium term.

About the Author
John K. Glenn, III is Executive Director of the Council for European Studies, a consortium of universities and colleges hosted by Columbia University, and a Visiting Scholar at New York University.

Reviews
"Deftly and reflectively, John Glenn shows us how the dismantling of state socialism followed contrasting paths in Poland, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic, with fateful consequences for later attempts to install democratic institutions. He also provides an admirable model for the combination of deep local knowledge with systematic comparison. Bravo!"-Charles Tilly, Columbia University
"There is much to be admired here. . . . The discussion of the roundtable negotiations in Czecho-Slovakia is one of the best accounts that exists in English. . . . It is particularly valuable for social scientists working on democratization in Eastern and Central Europe who wish to learn more about the latest developments in social movement theory and social movement specialists who wish to learn more about Eastern and Central Europe."-Slavic Review
"Overall, Glenn provides a valuable integration of the literature of social movements with the democratization literature. It is clear from Glenn's work that the framing of social movements has much to contribute to an understanding of the process of democratization. The greatest strength of Glenn's work is his joining of two disparate literatures."-Contemporary Sociology
"Framing Democracy has a number of strengths. It is pithy, well organized, and nicely written. The author's account of the history of the Czechoslovak change of regime is well crafted and makes for some good reading."-Journal of Politics
"Framing Democracy is a fine contribution to the literatures on democratization and post-Communist transitions. In Its efort to bring social movement into the study of democratization, it is far more theoretically ambitious than many works in this area. And in its simultaneous use of detailed knowledge from particular cases and systematic comparison across the cases, it sheds new light on the ways in which Communist systems were transformed into democratic regions."-American Journal of Sociology



Book Information
ISBN 9780804749282
Author John K. Glenn
Format Paperback
Page Count 272
Imprint Stanford University Press
Publisher Stanford University Press
Weight(grams) 322g