Description
A root-and-branch rethinking of how history has shaped the science of genetics.
In 1900, almost no one had heard of Gregor Mendel. Ten years later, he was famous as the father of a new science of heredity-genetics. Even today, Mendelian ideas serve as a standard point of entry for learning about genes. The message students receive is plain: the twenty-first century owes an enlightened understanding of how biological inheritance really works to the persistence of an intellectual inheritance that traces back to Mendel's garden.
Disputed Inheritance turns that message on its head. As Gregory Radick shows, Mendelian ideas became foundational not because they match reality-little in nature behaves like Mendel's peas-but because, in England in the early years of the twentieth century, a ferocious debate ended as it did. On one side was the Cambridge biologist William Bateson, who, in Mendel's name, wanted biology and society reorganized around the recognition that heredity is destiny. On the other side was the Oxford biologist W. F. R. Weldon, who, admiring Mendel's discoveries in a limited way, thought Bateson's "Mendelism" represented a backward step, since it pushed growing knowledge of the modifying role of environments, internal and external, to the margins. Weldon's untimely death in 1906, before he could finish a book setting out his alternative vision, is, Radick suggests, what sealed the Mendelian victory.
Bringing together extensive archival research with searching analyses of the nature of science and history, Disputed Inheritance challenges the way we think about genetics and its possibilities, past, present, and future.
About the Author
Gregory Radick is professor of history and philosophy of science at the University of Leeds. He is the author of The Simian Tongue: The Long Debate about Animal Language, also published by the University of Chicago Press, and coauthor, most recently, of Darwin's Argument by Analogy.
Reviews
"An ambitious work . . . In paying attention to today's sophisticated ideas about genetics, Radick poses a deceptively simple question: why, he asks, knowing what we do now, do we still bother with Mendel? . . . This isn't the first attempt to lay history's ghosts to rest and reset our ideas about genetics. That said, I can't think of one that is better argued, more fair-minded, or more enjoyable." * New Scientist *
"Radick provides a scholarly, detailed and perceptive analysis of why Mendelian genetics has long dominated our approach to understanding inheritance, despite valiant attempts to propose alternatives. . . . By describing how the debates of scientists shaped the field of genetics, Disputed Inheritance provides a basis for understanding the work that has led, over the past century, to a richer understanding of heredity than Mendelian genetics could ever have provided." * Nature *
"'You name it,' writes Radick in his brilliant, provocative new book, Disputed Inheritance, 'and there is, we are told, a gene for it, invisibly pulling the strings, determining how our bodies grow and our lives go.' . . . Radick argues that, had genetics taken a Weldonian turn in the early twentieth century, we need have sacrificed nothing in our understanding of biology and would have reduced the hereditarianism that remains so prevalent today. . . . Radick has an extraordinarily rich research program in front of him that has the potential for significant impact on both science and society." * FASEB Journal *
"Radick is raising the stakes here with an inventive approach . . . Disputed Inheritance gives centrality to contingency, and in so doing presents convincingly a 'what could have been' argument. The book culminates in a reiteration of the desire to elevate the study (and presentation) of counterfactuals to be part and parcel of standard methodology. It is a difficult argument to dismiss, and this book is the reason why: Radick's meticulous research and balanced presentation can help redefine the essential struggle against historical amnesia-arguably the main culprit for reductive thinking and facile generalizations." * H-Sci-Med-Tech *
"This work examines a foundational belief in biology: 'heredity is destiny.' . . . [and] should provoke considerable debate among historians and philosophers of biology. . . . Highly recommended." * Choice *
"This is a magnificent book. It is really a tour de force, elegantly written and diligently documented. There is so much that I learned while reading it that has made me now better understand this story. I think it will be fascinating reading for everyone interested in the early history of genetics. Disputed Inheritance deserves to be widely read, and Radick deserves praise for an intellectual achievement that will change not only our understanding of history but also our approach to its study." -- Kostas Kampourakis, author of Understanding Genes
"Radick's magisterial study scrutinizes common understandings-the 'folk wisdom'-of the history of genetics. Informed by unusual historical depth and philosophical sophistication, Radick offers a compelling rival view, one that reinterprets both the history and the science itself. In a world often affected by loose talk about 'genes for' interesting traits, this book supplies a welcome antidote to simplistic thinking. It is as important as it is fascinating." -- Philip Kitcher, author of In Mendel's Mirror: Philosophical Reflections on Biology
"There are few ideas in biology as powerful-and dangerous-as the notion that genes determine who we are and what we can become. In this deeply researched and beautifully written history, Radick reveals the contingent pathways through which genetic determinism took hold among biologists and beyond. Disputed Inheritance rewrites the story of genetics with care and verve, in the hopes that future students will learn to see both history and biology differently." -- Helen Anne Curry, author of Evolution Made to Order
"Radick underscores some of the most vital but neglected facts of genetics-that genes don't work in simple ways, and that variation and context matter. This is a beautifully researched, important book. It may be a work of history, but the lessons are also relevant for us today."
-- Angela Saini, author of Superior: The Return of Race Science
Book Information
ISBN 9780226822723
Author Gregory Radick
Format Paperback
Page Count 576
Imprint University of Chicago Press
Publisher The University of Chicago Press
Weight(grams) 853g
Dimensions(mm) 229mm * 152mm * 41mm
In 1900, almost no one had heard of Gregor Mendel. Ten years later, he was famous as the father of a new science of heredity-genetics. Even today, Mendelian ideas serve as a standard point of entry for learning about genes. The message students receive is plain: the twenty-first century owes an enlightened understanding of how biological inheritance really works to the persistence of an intellectual inheritance that traces back to Mendel's garden.
Disputed Inheritance turns that message on its head. As Gregory Radick shows, Mendelian ideas became foundational not because they match reality-little in nature behaves like Mendel's peas-but because, in England in the early years of the twentieth century, a ferocious debate ended as it did. On one side was the Cambridge biologist William Bateson, who, in Mendel's name, wanted biology and society reorganized around the recognition that heredity is destiny. On the other side was the Oxford biologist W. F. R. Weldon, who, admiring Mendel's discoveries in a limited way, thought Bateson's "Mendelism" represented a backward step, since it pushed growing knowledge of the modifying role of environments, internal and external, to the margins. Weldon's untimely death in 1906, before he could finish a book setting out his alternative vision, is, Radick suggests, what sealed the Mendelian victory.
Bringing together extensive archival research with searching analyses of the nature of science and history, Disputed Inheritance challenges the way we think about genetics and its possibilities, past, present, and future.
About the Author
Gregory Radick is professor of history and philosophy of science at the University of Leeds. He is the author of The Simian Tongue: The Long Debate about Animal Language, also published by the University of Chicago Press, and coauthor, most recently, of Darwin's Argument by Analogy.
Reviews
"An ambitious work . . . In paying attention to today's sophisticated ideas about genetics, Radick poses a deceptively simple question: why, he asks, knowing what we do now, do we still bother with Mendel? . . . This isn't the first attempt to lay history's ghosts to rest and reset our ideas about genetics. That said, I can't think of one that is better argued, more fair-minded, or more enjoyable." * New Scientist *
"Radick provides a scholarly, detailed and perceptive analysis of why Mendelian genetics has long dominated our approach to understanding inheritance, despite valiant attempts to propose alternatives. . . . By describing how the debates of scientists shaped the field of genetics, Disputed Inheritance provides a basis for understanding the work that has led, over the past century, to a richer understanding of heredity than Mendelian genetics could ever have provided." * Nature *
"'You name it,' writes Radick in his brilliant, provocative new book, Disputed Inheritance, 'and there is, we are told, a gene for it, invisibly pulling the strings, determining how our bodies grow and our lives go.' . . . Radick argues that, had genetics taken a Weldonian turn in the early twentieth century, we need have sacrificed nothing in our understanding of biology and would have reduced the hereditarianism that remains so prevalent today. . . . Radick has an extraordinarily rich research program in front of him that has the potential for significant impact on both science and society." * FASEB Journal *
"Radick is raising the stakes here with an inventive approach . . . Disputed Inheritance gives centrality to contingency, and in so doing presents convincingly a 'what could have been' argument. The book culminates in a reiteration of the desire to elevate the study (and presentation) of counterfactuals to be part and parcel of standard methodology. It is a difficult argument to dismiss, and this book is the reason why: Radick's meticulous research and balanced presentation can help redefine the essential struggle against historical amnesia-arguably the main culprit for reductive thinking and facile generalizations." * H-Sci-Med-Tech *
"This work examines a foundational belief in biology: 'heredity is destiny.' . . . [and] should provoke considerable debate among historians and philosophers of biology. . . . Highly recommended." * Choice *
"This is a magnificent book. It is really a tour de force, elegantly written and diligently documented. There is so much that I learned while reading it that has made me now better understand this story. I think it will be fascinating reading for everyone interested in the early history of genetics. Disputed Inheritance deserves to be widely read, and Radick deserves praise for an intellectual achievement that will change not only our understanding of history but also our approach to its study." -- Kostas Kampourakis, author of Understanding Genes
"Radick's magisterial study scrutinizes common understandings-the 'folk wisdom'-of the history of genetics. Informed by unusual historical depth and philosophical sophistication, Radick offers a compelling rival view, one that reinterprets both the history and the science itself. In a world often affected by loose talk about 'genes for' interesting traits, this book supplies a welcome antidote to simplistic thinking. It is as important as it is fascinating." -- Philip Kitcher, author of In Mendel's Mirror: Philosophical Reflections on Biology
"There are few ideas in biology as powerful-and dangerous-as the notion that genes determine who we are and what we can become. In this deeply researched and beautifully written history, Radick reveals the contingent pathways through which genetic determinism took hold among biologists and beyond. Disputed Inheritance rewrites the story of genetics with care and verve, in the hopes that future students will learn to see both history and biology differently." -- Helen Anne Curry, author of Evolution Made to Order
"Radick underscores some of the most vital but neglected facts of genetics-that genes don't work in simple ways, and that variation and context matter. This is a beautifully researched, important book. It may be a work of history, but the lessons are also relevant for us today."
-- Angela Saini, author of Superior: The Return of Race Science
Book Information
ISBN 9780226822723
Author Gregory Radick
Format Paperback
Page Count 576
Imprint University of Chicago Press
Publisher The University of Chicago Press
Weight(grams) 853g
Dimensions(mm) 229mm * 152mm * 41mm
